Emigration is not a new phenomenon in India but globalization has reinforced it. India has been a source of emigrants for many countries for a long period. Over 25 million Indian diaspora is spread across the world. Historically, during the British rule indenture labour from India was sent to other colonies. To regulate indentured emigration and to provide a mechanism for emigration, the British India government enacted Emigration Act, 1922. After independence, a majority of unskilled and semi-skilled labour emigrated to Gulf and South-East Asia, whereas white-collar workers preferred North America, Europe and Australia. They are contributing to both the
See Full PDF See Full PDFThis paper intends to focus on the impacts of migratory activities in the city of Howrah. The city turned to an abode of immigrants who were chiefly employed in the jute mills. The paper primarily focuses on the immigrant labourers of the Howrah Mills Co., Ltd., registered on 14 th July 1874, which is situated on the right bank of the river Hooghly at Ramkrishnapur in the Howrah Municipal Corporation and has been successfully running till the day. It attracted a large number of immigrants from its adjacent provinces. The migrants as well as the place of migration were influenced by the process of migration. Industrialization in Howrah was crucially related to the process of migration during the specified period (1874-1947) of this study. Migration brought unprecedented demographic changes to the city. It was merely a small a harbour-village till the mid-nineteenth century. Establishment of railway terminus and mushrooming of factory industries—mainly jute—proved to be the milestone events in the history of Howrah city as well as the district. The introduction of railway system and its extension in the Gangetic hinterland helped the easy flow of migrant population to Howrah. 1 Migration transformed the socioeconomic and political scenario of Howrah. Migrants, new settlers and 'unsettled settlers' characterized the socioeconomic composition of the society in Howrah. The compositional feature of society exhibited interesting facts regarding uneven sex ratio or preponderance of males in the society having a ratio of almost 2:1 (Male: Female) owing to single-male-oriented immigration of industrial labour force in Howrah. G. M. Broughton observed that in 1911 about 20% of the industrial population in Howrah had come from Bihar and Orissa and about the same from the United Provinces. In addition to this mixture of castes and races there was a corresponding disparity between the sexes, the rate being 64 to 36. 2 The emergence of unique industrial town-villages around jute factories resembled perfectly the important features of rural-village set up based on caste and community. The emergence of a new religio-cultural character comprised of the rites and dogmas of numerous religions was another distinct effect of immigration. Regional faiths and superstitions were brought by
Download Free PDF View PDF
Urbanisation is attributed to the “Mobility Revolution”. Following this, 2011 Census reveals that the level of urbanization in the country as a whole increased from 27.7% in 2001 to 31.1% in 2011. As per 2011 census, the process of urbanization is registered a high record in the three largest cities of India, Delhi , Mumbai and Chennai. Migration helps in growing the urban informal sector assists in the process of urbanization. New industries, construction works and other opportunities of work in urban areas in the cities stimulate the shift of labour from rural to urban areas in the metropolitan cities like Delhi. The paper emphasis on the relationship between urbanization, migration and informal sector, as urbanization causes a lot of migration in the informal sector in the metropolitan cities like Delhi, caused by the factors such as easy entry, skilled and unskilled strata get the employment opportunities especially the lower strata of the society and much more benefits provide by this sector that sustain the metropolitan cities as an attractive destination for migration. The focus of the paper is to examine the key factors that influence work participation of migrants in the informal sector in Delhi and also tries to explore whether the migrants assist through the process of urbanization in breaking the spatial (Rural-Urban) and social (Caste, Gender, Ethnic, & Religion) barriers of interaction among the workers in the Informal Sector.
Download Free PDF View PDF
The Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926 with minor modifications continues to be the main legal instrument for existence, continuance and functioning of trade union industry. The Act has given to Indian trade union movement legal sanctity, social status and organizational coherence hither to unknown. Legally trade unions could no more be regarded as conspiratiorial associations against the established law and order and good government. The code of discipline in Industry 1958 also tried to circumvent the defects of the Act by establishing new norms of human behavior for labour management towards each other to promote industrial democracy and industrial harmony. But the spectrum of public policy as embodied in the Act and in other non-legislative measures with regard to trade unionism continues to e the hall-mark of labor policy. During all these developmental years trade unions in India have come to be dominated by state, political parties and other interests
Download Free PDF View PDF
Why lose all these abilities because of a belief that „a woman‟s place is in the home‟. For some it is, for others, not” “If (Women) are capable …. I do not see why they should give up their position to man…..The old theory that a woman‟s place is in the home no longer exists. Those days are gone for-ever
Download Free PDF View PDF
Bilaspur is one among the low hill districts of Himachal Pradesh. It saw many mass migration activities due to submergence large scale agriculturally rich plates of Seer, Sukar, Ali, Saryali Khads and basins of Satluj River in the event of construction of Bhakhra Dam. The construction of Associate Cement Company's Cement Production unit at Gagal (Barmana), construction of variety of roads ranging from District to National Level Highways, further, aggravated the situation. lack of employment opportunities, loss of agriculture land due to submergence of major fertile valleys of the district in Bhakhra Reservoir, low agricultural productivity due to non-availability of irrigational facilities, ownership of small land holdings and poor infrastructural facilities till date is forcing the people of the district to stay away from their homes (place of origin) to earn their livelihood (place of destination). Present paper is an attempt to find out the relationships of prevailing employment and agricultural productivity with migration. The study was a primary study and data was collected from 188 Migrant Household Respondents. Only two blocks out of three were selected randomly. Data was analyzed through simple statistical tools. The paper is subdivided in to three parts, first part represents the overall category wise migration characteristics of migrant families, and second part is a concerned with the category wise description of relationship of migration and employment whereas the third and last part is an attempt to find out the relationship of migration with that of the agricultural productivity. Migration is a form of geographical or spatial mobility between one geographical unit and another, generally involving a change in residence from the place of origin or place of departure to the place of destination or arrival. The importance of study of population in the economic field is immense. It is with the help of population studies that the nation came to know how far rate of population growth is keeping pace with that of economic development, and in case both are not keeping pace with each other, how to adjust these so that economic problems do not seriously threat the nation, as a whole and economic growth, in particular. It is quite well known that the population growth and economic standard of the people keep pace with each other.
Download Free PDF View PDF
Migration is not a new phenomenon but globalization has reinforced it. Earlier, it was perceived as burden rather than as an agent of economic development. Recently, migration is growing interest among scholars because it emerged as important subject in international scenario. Emigration have been viewed as the main source of remittances as emigrants send their earnings back to origin country and India is the best example for it. India is the highest remittance-receiving country in world with USD 70 billion in 2012. Over 25 million Indian diaspora is spread across the world and India has been a source of emigrants for many countries for a long period. They are contributing to both the economies in origin and destination. Indian emigrants are playing a significant role in the economic growth and development of the country by transferring remittances and knowledge. Here, some questions remain unanswered such as what are the main factors which cause people to emigrate? How do international migration and remittances impact of on economic development in India? In this context, the present paper is to explore the recent trends in Indian emigration and also identify the main reason for the emigration. It also establishes a relation between the pattern of remittance and its impact on socio-economic development in the context of India. Primary survey would be conducted to know the socio-economic conditions of the emigrants after and before emigration. The study proposes to use both quantitative and qualitative research methods for analysis. Keywords: Economic Development, Emigrants, India, Remittances
Download Free PDF View PDF
The present study intends to find out the compensation problem among the employees in the unorganized sector a study of stone crushing industries in Mandya District. Primary data were collected by conducting direct interview using questionnaire through likert scale. All the respondents were asked the same questions in the same fashion and they were informed the purpose of study. The tool of data collection to be used in this study is through structured questionnaire method; the necessary data is to be collected from 100 samples to be selected randomly in Mandya District. Similarly the necessary data is also to be collected from 13 employers of stone crushing industries. The data will be selected as samples and the data sol collected will be analyzed using the appropriate statistical tools. The secondary data can be collected from the journals, concerned websites and district industries manual. For this study the samples were drawn using random sample method. The data collected through questionnaire have been analyzed and tabulated. Entrepreneurship is that capacity in an individual to innovate. It involves a whole range of aptitudes like capacity to bear risks, to forecast prospects of enterprise, confidence and competence in meeting unforeseen and adverse situation. An entrepreneur promotes a new venture, raises the where withal for it, assembles various factors of production and sets the business going. Hence economic development depends much upon entrepreneurship are directly related for it is the entrepreneur who establish industrial units. For any country industrialization should be a natural process. In India both the state and the centralization is on a few core areas in large scale sector. The medium and small scale sectors have not grown to the level expected due to the absence of dedicated entrepreneurs. Hence the government has assumed the responsibility of identification and promotion of entrepreneurs. Need for development of entrepreneurship in India Accelerating the rate of economic development. Achieving the objective of balanced regional development by providing broad base to the industrial development. Solving the problem of unemployment to some extent. Directing available resources towards non-traditional areas of investment. The unorganized sector plays a pivotal role in Indian economy. More than 90% of the workforce and at about 50% of the national product are accounted for by the informal economy, a high rate of socially and economically underprivileged sections of the society are concentrated in the informal economic activities. The high level of growth of the Indian economy during the past 20 years is accompanied by increasing informalisation. There are symptoms of growing inter linkages between informal and formal economic activities. There has been new dynamism of the informal economy in terms of output, employment and earnings. Faster and inclusive growth needs special attention to informal economy. Sustaining high levels of growth are also intertwined with improving domestic demand of those engaged in informal economy and addressing the needs of the sector in terms of credit, skills, technology, marketing and infrastructure. The terms unorganized and informal sector are often used interchangeably. The informal sector may be broadly characterized as consisting of units engaged in the production of goods or services with
Download Free PDF View PDF
Migration is not a new phenomenon but globalization has reinforced it. Earlier, it was perceived as burden rather than as an agent of economic development. Recently, migration is growing interest among scholars because it emerged as important subject in international scenario. Emigration have been viewed as the main source of remittances as emigrants send their earnings back to origin country and India is the best example for it. India is the highest remittance-receiving country in world with USD 70 billion in 2012. Over 25 million Indian diaspora is spread across the world and India has been a source of emigrants for many countries for a long period. They are contributing to both the economies in origin and destination. Indian emigrants are playing a significant role in the economic growth and development of the country by transferring remittances and knowledge. Here, some questions remain unanswered such as what are the main factors which cause people to emigrate? How do international migration and remittances impact of on economic development in India? In this context, the present paper is to explore the recent trends in Indian emigration and also identify the main reason for the emigration. It also establishes a relation between the pattern of remittance and its impact on socioeconomic development in the context of India. Primary survey would be conducted to know the socioeconomic conditions of the emigrants after and before emigration. The study proposes to use both quantitative and qualitative research methods for analysis.
Download Free PDF View PDF
The construction of the Kenya- Uganda railway track was the main reason of migration of Indians in Kenya. They mostly settled in various parts of Kenyan territory which is now known as modern Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. After WW2 they became involved in various occupations fields and this railway track laid the foundation of cultural and economical life of both countries. Through this cultural exchange Indians became more interested to engage in Kenyan mainstream politics. They were playing a significant role in the Kenyan nation-building process. The Indian origins were actively participating in Kenya politics from the colonial period to till Independence. As a Diaspora community they sacrificed their own comforts to bring Independence for Kenya, they constantly engaged in Kenya politics to success the liberation movement and freed to country from colonialism. The study intends to explain how Indians became important sources in Kenyan politics and how the Kenyan government appreciated them after independence. The study also explains the two most protagonist leaders in Kenyan mainstream politics and their contributions for their country. The trade union movement was taken place in Kenya to save the workers’ rights from the Imperialist government and their exploitative policies. In this movement, the contribution of Makhan Singh and Pio Gama Pinto as an Indian origin were unforgettable and they shaped the movement and brought the freedom for Kenya. Through this study, I describe the past relation of India and Kenya, contributions of Indian origins like Makhan Singh and Pio Gama Pinto as a trade unionist and nationalist leaders, the birth of trade union movement and how Kenyan government appreciated both two leaders in post-independence
Download Free PDF View PDF
Many rural development schemes have been started in India with the aim to develop the rural areas of the country but many of the schemes were not quite successful in achieving their objectives. There are many reasons for the slow pace development of the rural areas with all these rural development schemes but for the successful implementation of any rural development schemes, the participation of the people can be consider as one of the essentiality. There is a great role for the rural masses to be played, for the development of both rural people and areas. Among all the rural development programmes existing in India, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is unique in terms of its various provisions and features provided in the scheme. There are various significant features of the scheme where there is need for the effective participation of the people so that the objectives of the scheme can be fulfilled which can lead to the development of rural people and area. For the effective participation of people in MGNREGS, there is need for the people to get awareness about the various provisions and features provided in the scheme.
Download Free PDF View PDF
